High light full#

( F) Molecular complementation assay by expressing full length CDS of HPR1 in the hpr1 mutants. Asterisks show significant differences compared to WT: ** p < 0.01 (Student’s t test). Data shown are means ± SD, n = 3, with three independent replicates. They were treated with the same light intensity in ( D), respectively. ( E) Fresh weight (left), chlorophyll content (middle), and chlorophyll fluorescence (right) of WT and hpr1 plants grown in soil.

We transferred three-week-old plants grown in soil to growth light (GL, 80 µmol ( D) Phenotypes of four-week-old WT and hpr1 mutants. ( C) The expression of HPR1 in WT and hpr1 plants was analyzed by qRT-PCR. LB, RP and FP indicate primers which locations are shown in ( A). ( B) PCR analysis of genomic DNA from the WT and hpr1 plants. Gray rectangles show the open reading frame, the black line shows intron, white rectangles show untranslated regions, and the triangle represents T-DNA insertion. YFP fluorescence, chloroplast autofluorescence and merged images are shown.

High light free#

Free YFP of pUGW41 was used as a control. Confocal microscopic images of HPRs-YFP fusion proteins expressed transiently in protoplasts of Arabidopsis wild types.

( F) Subcellular localizations of HPR2 and HPR3. Free YFP of pUGW42 was used as a control. Confocal microscopic images of YFP-HPRs fusion proteins expressed transiently in protoplasts of Arabidopsis wild types. ( E) Subcellular localizations of HPR2 and HPR3. Proteins fused with mCherry, which located in the peroxisome as the marker. Confocal microscopic images of YFP-HPR1 fusion proteins expressed transiently in protoplasts of Arabidopsis wild types. Values represent means ± SD, n = 3, with three independent replicates. ( C) Expression of HPR1, HPR2 and HPR3 in leaves of Arabidopsis plants exposed to continuous high light intensity 350 µmol ( B) Expression patterns of HPR1, HPR2 and HPR3 in various organs of four-week-old Arabidopsis analyzed via quantitative RT-PCR. (PlantCARE address:, accessed on 17 December 2021).

High light code#

The 2-kb DNA fragments at upstream of the ATG starting code of the HPR1, HPR2 and HPR3 genes were analyzed using PlantCARE. ( A) Cis-acting regulatory elements analysis. The expression pattern analysis of HPR1, HPR2 and HPR3. ROS high light intensity photorespiration photosynthesis. These results indicate that HPR1 is involved in plant response to high light intensity and is essential for maintaining the dynamic balance of ROS and photorespiration. Moreover, the activity of ROS scavenging enzymes in the hpr1 mutants is significantly higher. The absence of HPR1 suppresses the rates of photorepair of Photosystem II (PSII), aggravates the production of ROS, and accelerates photorespiration rates. The growth and photosynthetic capacity of hpr1 mutants are seriously affected under high light intensity. Here, we found that the expression of HPR1 could be induced by high light intensity. However, the role of HPR1 in plants response to high light is not clear. Arabidopsis hydroxypyruvate reductase 1 (HPR1) is a primary metabolic enzyme in the photorespiration cycle. The photorespiration metabolism plays an important role in producing and removing a variety of ROS, maintaining the dynamic balance of the redox reaction, and preventing photoinhibition. High light intensity as one of the stresses could lead to generation of large amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants, resulting in severe plant growth retardation.